SENIOR ENGLISH - RESEARCH PAPER ON a topic of inte Essays

SENIOR ENGLISH - RESEARCH PAPER ON a topic of interest from the Middle English period: The Hundred Years' War; The Black Prince, son of Edward III; Weapons and warfare in the Middle Ages; Richard III; Feudalism; Thomas Becket; The Black Death; The Crusades; Education in the Middle Ages; Entertainment in the Middle Ages; Joan of Arc. Date assigned : Thursday, October 12 ; Date due: Thursday, November 29-30 Your BLOCK DAY ( 7 weeks) Paper requirements : Total number of pages in the paper One title page One outline page Body pages 3-4 One works cited page All pages must be typed. 12-point font, Times New Roman font, double spaced, one inch margins - MLA Format ; https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Required sources 3 Internet sources 1 other source (books, periodicals, interviews, text book, etc.) Direct quotes may be used following guidelines One direct quote must be no longer that two typed lines Five separate direct quotes are the maximum to be used. Bible verses are considered direct quotes Cliches, slang, etc., requiring quotation marks are not considered direct quotes Proper introduction of each quote is expected in addition to proper citation A udience : classmates informing them of pertinent information regarding the topic of your choice. Make your paper interesting to your audience. WHAT SHOULD IT INCLUDE? CITATIONS - Although most of the paper is to be written in your own words, the use of properly written citation is necessary. For every direct quote, a citation is needed. For every paraphrased information segment, citations should be used. -103517-12350 4286885323431 SLUG Source # (PARENTHETICAL REF.)0 SLUG Source # (PARENTHETICAL REF.) Notecards: write only on the front of the card , however each card should be filled completely with bulleted information and NEATLY written . They should be placed within the envelope banded or clipped together in order when turned in. BIBLIOGRAPHY CARDS : write only on the front, NEATLY written, in order, handed in an envelope with your complete name on the front of the envelope. 4 Bibliography notecards (sources you are using) ONE SOURCE PER CARD formatted according to MLA guidelines https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ Outline: basic outline with main ideas and sub points neatly written; Thesis statement should be well developed in the outline and designated so that I can clearly see it. Rough drafts : Must be double spaced with legible r evisions and editing marks used. Wed/Thurs, Oct 17-18: Media Center for research November 1-2 : 10 note cards; 2 bibliography cards N/A : Progress viewed; produce the beginning of paper, outline, works Cited November 15- 16 : Draft to be teacher edited (outline works cited page included) W./ Th. , November 29-30 : Final paper with works cited page, RUBRIC, edited draft to be included with the final - Graded on appearance , MLA format , compo sition (strong plan, details relate to main idea , cited information correctly done ), Written expression (vocabulary, tone, sentence structure varied and well-constructed, paragraphs well-constructed with unity and coherency), mechanics (punctuation, capitalization, spell ing, subj/verb agreement, etc.) Outline Topic :_ ____________________________________________________ Thesis: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ Outline ___________________ ____________ ____________________________ A. B. C. II. ______________________ __________ ______________________________ A. B. C. III . ______________________________________ __________ ____________ __ A. B. C. IV. ______________________________ ________ ________________________ A. B. C. Composition (composing) WRITING RUBRIC 4 = 7-9 checks 3 = 4-6 checks 2 =2-3 checks 1 =0-1 check The main idea clearly stands out (Thesis statement clearly stated in the first paragraph) Thesis is incisive and directs the structure of the paper A balance of concrete details with commentary (COHERENCY) Has several important examples, reasons, or details Shows a strong plan (ORGANIZATION) ; introduction, body, conclusion All details relate to the central idea (UNITY) Transition words used adequately and correctly (COHERENCY) Correct point of view and consistent ; 3 rd person narrative consistent Strong opening and closing Written Expression 4 = 6-7 checks 3 = 4-5 checks 2 = 2 -3 checks 1 =0-1 check Precise information and vocabulary that creates images Highly specific word choice Has tone and voice ; formal and academic tone; no personal interjections of opinion Includes simple, compound and complex sentences correctly Paper has a rhythmic flow Logic is clear; no awkward sentence formation due to word choice or syntax

Lessons from Litigation Phar-Mor Deep Discount Retail Drug Fraud Essay Example

Lessons from Litigation Phar Lessons from Litigation Phar-Mor Deep Discount Retail Drug Fraud Paper Lessons from Litigation Phar-Mor Deep Discount Retail Drug Fraud Paper Essay Topic: Deep In 1981, Giant Eagle acquired the Monus family grocery store run by Michael Mickey Monus. David Shapira, CEO of Giant Eagle, became familiar with the Monus family and was somewhat intrigued with Mickeys talent as a hard bargainer and master retailer. In late 1982, Mickey and David decided to open up deep discount retail drug store called Phar-Mor after visiting the store of a successful deep discounter located in Cleveland. Phar-Mors strategy was to undercut the competitors prices on a variety of goods by power buying inventory in bulk at deep discounts and selling large volumes at a low gross profit margin (similar to Wal-Marts strategy). The first store was a huge success and led to the opening of several other Phar-Mors in the coming years. Beginning in the latter part of the 1980s, the deep discount retail industry more than doubled in size and became extremely competitive. To keep up with the industry, Phar-Mor opened several more stores, eventually opening its 300th store in 1990. Unfortunately, the increase in competition reduced Phar-Mors profit margins and caused it to sustain economic losses throughout the last six years of its life. To avoid reporting net losses for accounting purposes, Phar-Mor manipulated inventory and earnings, hiding the evidence in various fraud accounts and reporting net income on its books. Eventually a check written for Mickey Monus World Basketball League crossed the desk of a large Phar-Mor investor who brought the unauthorized check to the attention of CEO David Shapira.1 Management Fraud and Litigation Giant Eagle held a majority stake in Phar-Mor and therefore controlled a majority of the seats on Phar-Mors board of directors.2 Mickeys father, Nathan Monus, was retained and paid a substantial sum as a consultant to the board of directors. In substance, COO Mickey Monus, ran and controlled the day-to-day business of the company, periodically submitting results from Phar-Mors operations to CEO and board member David Shapira. The fraud team, under Mickey Monus direction, included CFO Patrick Finn, head accountant John Anderson, Jeffrey Walley as Vice President of Finance and Stan Cherelstein as Controller (both former Coopers and Lybrand auditors). CFO Patrick Finn plead guilty to violating federal and state laws and agreed to cooperate with authorities in exchange for a commuted sentence. Monus was ultimately convicted of over one hundred counts of violating federal law and severed a commuted sentence of ten years in prison. Phar-Mors trustee in bankruptcy sued Coopers on behalf of Phar-Mor creditors and investors for over $1 billion on a theory of fraud where recklessness is equivalent to intent. Eventually the plaintiffs settled with Coopers for an undisclosed fraction of the amount demanded in the suit.4 Incorporating the Fraud Diamond Fraud Diamond If the Coopers had assessed the risk of fraud using the Fraud Diamond model, they would have uncovered evidence of opportunity, pressure, rationalization and capability, within Phar Mors management environment. a. Opportunity Monus discretion to run the company with little oversight from Phar Mors board members or CEO Shapira gave him the opportunity to divert company funds for his personal use. Monus could authorize unusual journal entries, destroy evidence without auditor detection. Several of Phar-Mors vendors were known to be owned either wholly by Monus, Monus-managed companies, or other related parties. In several cases, Monus would cause Phar Mor to overpay suppliers owned by Monus. After the fraud was uncovered, it was discovered that Monus had diverted over $10 million in Phar Mor assets through related parties to finance operating expenses of the World Basketball League. Phar-Mor didnt have an internal audit until function until the last years of the fraud. It was the inquiries of the newly hired internal auditor that ultimately led to the discovery of the Phar-Mor fraud. b. Pressure When the gross margin of Phar-Mor began to decline rapidly, Mickey faced a lot of pressure from various parties such as banks, suppliers and vendors. At the same time, Mickeys World Basketball League was broke. It was losing games as well as losing money. People lost confidence in the team, except Mickey. He continuously diverted money from Phar-Mor to his team, which just make the things worse. In order to maintain the appearance of a healthy basketball league, health company, and maintain performance goals for both. Mickey had to find a way to stay afloat. c. Rationalization: Mickey is very confident. He always believed that things would improve; future profits will reverse temporary adventure. Every time Monus would divert company funds to pay the operating expenses of his basketball league he maintained that they were advances backed by his word to some day pay them all back. He admitted that he did accounting fraud intentionally to avoid detection of audit techniques and procedures. d. Capability: Mickey had a strong personality. Although he is not the CEO, Phar-Mor was under the control of Mickey himself. Monus management team either feared physical harm or disappointment. It is also possible that the fraud team honestly believed that Monus could turn the company around if they could only hide the fraud a little longer. More likely, Mickey had an uncanny ability to keep straight face. Even though the evidence at trial showed Monus was guilty of criminal fraud beyond a reasonable doubt, he continued plead his case that he acted in good faith in directing the fraud and did nothing criminal. Audit Failures Insufficient and Unreliable Evidence Coopers relied heavily on the Phar-Mor accounting departments compilation of evidence of account balances and details instead of independently verifying management assertions in high risk areas. Coopers was aware that Phar-Mors accountants never provided the auditors with requested documents or data without first carefully reviewing them.5 Evidence at trial revealed that Coopers would have uncovered fraudulent account balances and journal entries had they reviewed sub-ledger accounts and supporting documents. Coopers would have likely uncovered the unauthorized checks written for Mickey Monus basketball league expenses by focusing on controls over the cash disbursement process at Phar-Mor. Substantive tests of details with respect to the authorization, valuation, and existence assertions would have revealed fraudulently overstated inventory. Scanning for unusual journal entries or investigating zero-balance accounts with management may have uncovered the existence of fraud. The Perfect Storm: Management Fraud and Inexperienced Auditors Phar-Mors fraud team was well-versed in the art of auditing accounting firms; two of the five members of the fraud team were former Coopers and Lybrand auditors. Additionally, Coopers audit team was composed largely of junior level staff inexperienced in detecting fraud, let alone management fraud. The auditors based their assessment of Phar-Mors books primarily on compilations of data and documents that were carefully screened and manipulated by Phar-Mor management to conceal any evidence of fraud. The audit team alerted Phar-Mor management well in advance of any planned visits to individual stores for a physical inventory inspection. During a given year, the auditors would verify the existence and valuation assertions at four individual stores by haphazardly sampling 25 30. By 1990, Phar-Mors fraudulent subledger accounts concealed almost $40 million. In order to hide these losses from year-end auditors, the fraud team added $200,000 to the inventory account of each store that the y knew would not be audited.6 The auditors tested the reasonableness of Phar-Mors cost of inventory ending based on managements gross profit margin schedule and a third partys physical count and valuation of inventory items. The auditors concluded that Phar-Mors ending inventory was fairly stated because their gross profit margin schedules were reasonable. Oddly enough, the auditors then concluded that Phar-Mors gross profit schedules were reasonable because the cost of inventory was fairly stated (which was originally derived from the gross profit schedules). The auditors claimed to have performed additional procedures on the gross profit schedules by tracing inventory costs to purchase orders. Any differences the auditors noticed between their expected gross profit margin and the recomputed gross profit margin were excused as sampling error.7 Physical Inventory Inventory at Phar-Mor increased rapidly from $11 million in 1989 to $36 million in 1990 and $153 million in 1991. Coopers identified inventory valuation as a high-risk area in its working papers. However, Coopers told Phar-Mor beforehand which locations it would be testing for inventory. Only 4 of 310 stores were tested and only 25-30 items were selected at those stores to perform price testing. Although, Coopers claimed they did additional procedures on inventory schedules to compensate for weaknesses in the price test, these additional tests were based on locations Phar-Mor had already manipulated inventory prices. The holes in Coopers inventory audit left Phar-Mor management free to overstate inventory at all other unaudited locations. Phar-Mors fraud team admitted to increasing the price of Coke, which normally sold for $0.89, to more than $2 a bottle.8 Mechanics of the Fraud Conditions for the Fraud A primary driver of the fraud on Phar Mor stakeholders was the increasingly competitive landscape in which Phar-Mor operated. The deep-discount retail market had virtually cornered its marketplace within a relatively short period. Between 1985 and 1990, the number of deep discount stores increased from 313 to over 700 stores, with at least 300 of them being Phar-Mor. The chain itself had over that time become Wal-Marts primary competitor, vowing to undersell its ambitious competitor by low margin selling and power buying business strategies. However, as competition in this market continued to increase, Phar-Mors gross margins (a key factor for its retail performance) eroded rather significantly. In fact, by 1990, its real gross margin had been reduced to less than 15.5%, a fact that demonstrates that Phar-Mor could no longer maintain its existing price structure. Obstinate and ambitious as he was, Monus pushed Phar Mors expansion ahead refusing to believe his low margin, power buying model could not sustain the companies blistering pace8. Rather than identifying practical ways to remain competitive, Monus resorted to fraud to maintain the healthy appearance of his company. Monus was able to temporarily offset the companies yearly losses by booking as sales revenue multi-million dollar exclusivity payments he had negotiated with vendors. As gross margins continued to go south, so did Phar Mors ability to pay off its vendors. Monus nearly avoided bankruptcy amid pressure from his suppliers by a last minute $200 million capital infusion from private investor Corporate Partners, LLC. Monus believed that by temporarily understating liabilities on Phar Mors books he could buy enough time to reverse the effects of the fraud when Phar Mors gross margins improved. Company Appearances Monus had the innate ability to maintain the appearance of control over his business and over his business associates, including those employed within the Phar-Mor accounting and financial reporting functions. He was able to accomplish this in a number of ways, but most notably through his continual appearance in charitable, social, and athletic spheres. His World Basketball League was his primary outlet to establish the greatness and the presence of Phar-Mor as a large company. The league was a collection of 11 teams represented small towns across the country (like Youngstown). Monus personally oversaw the development of the league, and used Phar-Mor funding to finance its success. In the midst of the companys struggle to secure private equity financing, Phar-Mor hosted its own golf tournament, where Monus personally distributed thousands of dollars in award checks to participants. The extravagance of Monus social display closely mirrored his modus operandi at Phar-Mor, which was to maintain the appearance of a healthy company at any cost. By the time the fraud at Phar-Mor had been exposed, it appeared that Monus primary responsibility was managing the fraud through his power over the accounting and financial reporting staff.

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Critical Analysis - Essay Example As a result, various nations within the island are selling citizenships in order to finance resort projects. For example in St. Kitts, Christophe harbour, have teamed up with the government where they are going to provide citizenship to qualified applicants. One of the qualifications is to invest at least $400,000 in a project known as Christophe Harbour Development. This has extended from St. Kitts to Antigua and Grenada. These infusions are meant to increase tourist attractions and on the other hand the investors to get Caribbean passports. The main purpose of this article, as described above, is to analyse and present the average view of the issue of Caribbean nations on investing using citizenship. The author’s main arguments are his analysis and are based on the positive view. However, on this whole issue, this is one unorthodox way of financing resorts and villas. As a result, the Caribbean vacation home is experiencing an irrational recovery; there is new construction everywhere this is especially in the smaller nations disdained by the conservative lenders. Although this citizenship by investment seems to be a good move for the economy of the countries, there are some factors that they have not considered. For example, they are devaluing the citizenship of these countries. These nations are at the risk of vetting their applicants with lax, which in turn will make other countries place even greater laws and restrictions to all the travellers in Caribbean’s passports. Although the author has used some comments given by people in government, the paper is biased and limited to the people in power. He does not give the common man a chance to express his view on the matter. As a result, he is not entirely able to be objective in writing his view on the article. Hudson, Kris., Caribbean Exchange: Invest In property and Get Citizenship. Wall Street Article. Wall Street Journal. (2014)

Approach to Care of Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Approach to Care of Cancer - Essay Example Many cancers are initially recognized and diagnosed through screening or because of the appearance of certain signs and symptoms. The common cancer diagnostic procedures include imaging through X-rays, CT scans, endoscopy, genetic testing, tumor biopsy, surgery and various laboratory tests like blood tests, urinalysis and tests for tumors makers. Tumor makers are either substances that the body makes in response to cancer cells or are released into the urine or bloodstream by cancer cells (Moscow and Cowan, 2007). Biopsy involves a histological examination of abnormal body cells by a pathologist. The tissue diagnosis done by the pathologist reveals the type of cell proliferating, genetic abnormalities, the histological grade of the cell and other features of the tumors. Blood tests are used to confirm the substances levels in the blood. They show how healthy a person is and whether an infection is present. It reveals the status of the kidney and levels of waste products like blood ur ea nitrogen/creatinine. Urinalysis reveals the components of urine and checks the presence of blood, drugs, proteins and other substances in urine. Genetic testing is important in identifying mutations, chromosomal changes and fusion genes, and possible genetic predisposition. Cancer staging involves finding out how much cancer is in the body and its location. It describes how far it has spread anatomically and groups patients with the same prognosis and treatment in one staging. Stage I cancers are small, localized and curable, stage II and II cancers are locally advanced and/or with local lymph node involvement while stage IV cancers are metastatic o inoperable cancers. Doctors should first establish the cancer stage for each particular patient because to some extent, treatment and prognosis depend on the cancer stage. They should highly utilize information on cancer staging to plan for the treatment and help to individual patients. Patients falling to the same staging could be of fered group support where possible to encourage compliance with treatment and alleviate psychological effects of diagnosis and treatments. Individual situations within a group should also be considered. Complications of cancer The first complication presented by cancer is that it might spread. The cancerous cells could invade and destroy other body organs rendering them dysfunctional. This requires the use of treatments that will destroy cancer cells and also prevent their spread. Other complications may be evident depending on the stage and type of the cancer. Systemic cancer is associated with neurologic complications which occur after routine chemotherapy. Brain metastases are the most prevalent of these and they manifest as altered mental status, headache, sensory loss, hemiparesis, impaired cognition and sensory, speech, visual, and gait disturbance. Lung cancer can result in heart diseases and breathing difficulties due to the presence of lumps or destruction of the air passag e and heart tissues. Pancreatic cancer is associated with complications like jaundice due to blocked bile duct, severe abdominal pain due pressed nerves and bowel obstruction due to pressed or blocked intestine. Blood loss and/or anemia as a result of damaged hemorrhaging tissues and weight loss resulting from frequent nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite are

To bring about its downfall Essay Example for Free

To bring about its downfall Essay The Crucible is set in Salem, Massachusetts, during the 17th century. Salem is a very religious village, with life being centred around the church. Everyone was expected to go to church, and to learn the Ten Commandments off by heart, and always to dress modestly. Sinning was not tolerated at all! Rules were very strict. Everyone feared the devil, this was one of the religious codes. This leads to the whole town becoming very superstitious, believing in witchcraft and servants of the devil. This view shows how narrow minded people can be, and it is this fear of the devil which sets the scene for the prejudice we see during the play. The story has two different meanings which help it to function on two different levels. It shows how a community can live in fear of God and will admit to anything when faced with a death threat. This shows how weak people can be and how people can use their own deceptive minds and power to get what they want. It shows one good man fighting back against a narrow minded judicial system that believes in demons and that sins are unacceptable. It shows good strong men have weaknesses too and that they can be exploited. That everyone is human and unless you stand by what you believe in, it can lead to the downfall of us all. The Crucible shows a good man die when he shows weakness! Abbey Williams is one of the main characters in The Crucible. She is an evil child who twists evidence and words to murder her way through the people she does not like. She must get what she wants at all costs. Abbey seems to have a sexual power which she exploits over John Proctor, but she seems to use it on others in the town to get what she wants. She has power over the girls in the village and threatens them for example; I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it. This exhibits what a nasty girl Abbey is, and the girls in the town are scared rigid of her and will do whatever she says. This demonstrates the kind of power she has over the girls. She uses the forcefulness of her personality on the girls of the town, this leads them to do whatever she says. John was in love with Abbey and she uses this against him, she exploits it over him to get him to do what she wants for example; She is blackening my name in the village. You sweated like a stallion whenever I came near. These quotes show how Abbey uses what power she has over John to get him to do what she wants. It shows that Abbey knows what power she has and when to use it. This sexual power is her main power and she uses it over everyone she can. Abbey Williams is a very cruel and arrogant person she insults the judges and is aggressive towards Danforth for example; Ill have no such looks! If I have to answer that I will leave and never come back again. This shows that she can say this to the judges and get away with it, and that Abbey even seems to have power over the judges and court officials. Abbey Williams pretends she was taken by the devil in order to get power over the people of Salem and to get what she wants, this shows how evilly twisted she is. On the other hand the Putnams have a totally different kind of power. They have the power of their material possessions. They are very wealthy, but they are greedy and they have a habit of claiming land that is not theirs for example; Your grandfather had a habit of calling land that never belonged to him. This leads the Putnams to be disliked in the town. The Putnams do have a lot of land most of it swindled from their neighbours and because the rest of the people in Salem arent as rich, lots of them are resentful towards the Putnams. All the Putnams sons have died; we learn this during the play When Mrs Putnam says; Reverend Parris, I have laid seven babies unbaptised in the earth. Believe me sir you never saw more hearty babies born. And yet they would wither in my arms the very night of their birth.

Biological Terrorism: Our City Streets as the New Battlefield Essay

Biological Terrorism: Our City Streets as the New Battlefield The last 60-70 years of the twentieth century might be called the modern era of biological warfare. During this period, nation states developed biological weapons to be used on a far-away â€Å"European battlefield†. Even after ratification of the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972, the most impressive BW program in the history of mankind continued for 20 years, effectively cloaked in secrecy. Yet between 1970 and 1990, little thought was given to the possibility of a biological warfare or biological terrorist attack on US cities. Funding for biological defense in the US was minimal and most of the federal government was oblivious about the threat. In fiscal year 2000, the US government has committed more than $1.5 billion to military biodefense and another $1 billion to domestic preparedness for biological attack. What happened? In 1991, the US decisively engaged the Iraqi force, demonstrating vast conventional technical superiority while the world watched on CNN. Shortly thereafter, with economic implosion in the Former Soviet Union, our concern turned to the fate of tens of thousands of Russian scientists and engineers who had developed an impressive programÃâ€"which may never be surpassed in scale or offensive capability. We feared that lesser nations might turn to now jobless Russian bioweaponeers for help in building their â€Å"great equalizer.† All this occurred with a backdrop of increasing evidence that the dual-use nature of bioweapons programs might make treaties unverifiable. Here at home, the equally dual-use biotechnological revolution screamed forward while novels imprinted the horror of bioterrorism on our minds and experts proclaimed that â€Å"there are no... ...se who would use these breakthroughs for evil---taking away their freedom through effective intelligence programs and law enforcement---we will be more likely to stay steps ahead as we use the technologies for good, and provide an additional deterrent to the threat. Bioterrorism presents a daunting problem to our free society, especially at the unique intersection of politics and biotechnology that occurred during the last decade of the 20th century. We may have been lulled by our prosperity and strategic isolation from major conflict into a sense of invulnerability. However, we are vulnerable todayÃâ€"and there is no reason to believe that will change in the near future. We must carefully evaluate the real threat, make the hard cost-benefit decisions and continue to build a fully integrated defense against the distortion of biology by those who would do us harm.

Country Lovers Essay

The narrative elements of literature are crucial when writing a story as they are what raises the story above being a line of strung together sentences and give the story meaning. It is especially important to have a clear idea of these elements when wring short stories because, unlike novels, the writer is only given a small amount of space to get his/her point across. By reading literature and searching for these narrative elements one can get a true feeling for their importance to the story and improve their own writing. Recently I have had the pleasure of reading the short story â€Å"Country Lovers†, by Nadine Gordimer and in this paper I will explain how she used the narrative elements of plot, theme and point of view to enhance her story and make it a richer experience. The story â€Å"Country Lovers† written by Nadine Gordimer is a story about love and race. This story starts with a childhood love and grows into adulthood. â€Å"Country Lovers† is a story that deals with a forbidden love between a black woman named Thebedi and a white man whose name is Paulus. Thebedi gets pregnant by Paulus which is not allowed in the 1900’s and Paulus did not know about this pregnancy. Thebedi decides to get married after Paulus leaves for collage and the man she marries accepts the child as his own. After Paulus returns and finds out about the pregnancy the child mysteriously dies. In W. R. Clugston’s book, The Journey Into Literature he defines plot as â€Å"a dynamic element in fiction, a sequence of interrelated, conflicting actions and events that typically build to a climax and bring about a resolution† (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 1). This is a story of a romance between a white man and a black woman who discover their love is restricted by the law, which is troublesome for them both because they love each other deeply and in the end this restriction ends in tragedy. In W. R. Clugston’s book, The Journey Into Literature, he also describes how to identify the theme in a story: â€Å"To identify a story’s theme it’s necessary to look beyond the plot. The plot tells you what happens in a story, but the theme tells you what the story is about† (Clugston, 2010, p. 7. 1). The theme of the story helps the story evolve and come to life. The theme of this particular story is love and race and as I pointed out earlier the race part of the theme is a white man falls in love with a black woman. Even though there is so much going on in this the overall theme to this story is love, specifically a forbidden love. Now let talk about the point of view of the story â€Å"Country Lovers†. Cluston defines point of view as, â€Å"Point of view refers to who tells the story—how the action is presented to the reader. When you read a story, you are sensing everything in it through the eyes of the narrator. It’s important to remember that the narrator, whether a character inside the story or one looking on from outside the action, is a voice invented by the author for the purposes of the story† (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 1). The point of view in this story is third–person omniscient. This means that the narrator is not a character in the story and we are reading the story from the narrator’s and not the character’s view. The omniscient part of the point of view is the narrator is helping us to experience the feelings of the characters. Point of view has so much impact on the story because it gives us the feeling of the story. The article â€Å"Country Lovers† explains why the third person narrative is essential to this story: â€Å"It [†¦] used third person because then we get a neutral point of the story, and we don’t natural[y] take side[s] with one of them†( â€Å"Country Lovers†, 2012,). If someone writes a story in a first person you are getting everything from the character s point of view and a person reads what they see, feel, and hear. This will change the story dramatically because people don’t know if what they see is real or not. It is the character who makes people feels the way someone does. As for third person the narrator tells us what is really going on in the story. People know what the truth is and what is not. When someone gets to read a story in third person they get the whole perspective. All of the literary elements help a story come together. If someone does not have all the parts of the story such as plot, theme, tone and point of view then the story will be lacking. The plot of the story lays everything out what is going to happen, the theme of the story tells you what kind of story it is going to be, the tone determines how the story will be told (Clugston, 2010, p. 5. 3), and the point of view can change everything. These elements are all critical in turning words on a page into literature and if you take even one piece away even the great works of history would be reduced to nothing. I. B. singer said it best when he said, â€Å"A story to me means a plot where there is some surprise. Because that is how life is – full of surprises† (Singer, 2001).